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Model Validation
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**How VerveStacks models are validated**

Validation Process
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Base Year Calibration
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- Historical generation data from EMBER used for capacity factor validation
- Cross-dataset capacity reconciliation between GEM, IRENA, and EMBER
- Geographic coordinate validation for power plant locations

Data Quality Checks
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- Coordinate bounds validation by country
- Technology mapping consistency checks
- Capacity and generation data reconciliation
- Missing data identification and gap-filling documentation

Spatial Validation
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- Voronoi clustering ensures non-overlapping regions
- Geographic overlap detection for transmission connections
- Population and capacity weighting validation

Temporal Validation
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- Stress period identification from hourly analysis
- Timeslice aggregation preserves annual energy totals
- Coverage analysis validation against demand patterns

.. note::
   Detailed validation reports are generated automatically for each model.